Even with the advent of sequenced genomes, the ability to locate aberration breakpoints onto the salivary chromosome map remains one of the singular strengths of Drosophila as a research organism. Salivary chromosome analysis is not difficult, yet many people are reluctant to attempt to do it: and if they do begin they may flounder for lack of a clear idea of what they should be trying to do. I hope this chapter will both encourage more people to try and also make the learning easier. Once mastered, doing salivary cytology is fun and rewarding: and you will never again have your research set back 6 mo because the “deficiency” stock someone sent you was not what it was supposed to be; as a matter of course you will have checked it out first!