SpringerProtocols: Abstract: Bioluminescent Assay of the Adenylate Energy Charge

Bioluminescent Assay of the Adenylate Energy Charge

By: Sharon R. Ford², Franklin R. Leach²

Abstract

Full Text

Download PDF (1033K)

The “adenylate control hypotheses” proposed by Atkinson from UCLA (1) was further developed into the adenylate energy charge (AEC) concept in the 1960s (2, 3) and thereafter codified (4). This concept arose from making an analogy between the adenme nucleotide pool of ATP, ADP, and AMP, and a chemical storage battery or accumulator cell. The common elements include: (1) the total amount of material typically remains constant, and (2) chemical energy can be stored and recovered by alteration of the ratio of the components. The charge of the three-component adenylate system is given by the mole fraction of ATP plus 1/2 of the mole fraction of ADP. It is shown in the following expression:

Affiliation(s): (2) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

Book Title: Bioluminescence Methods and Protocols

Series: Methods in Molecular Biology | Volume: 102 | Pub. Date: Mar-05-1998 | Page Range: 69-81 | DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-520-4:69

Subject: Biochemistry

References

Download References

1.	Atkinson, D. E. (1966) Regulation of enzyme activity. Ann Rev Bzochem. 35, 85–124.

2.	Atkinson, D. E. and Walton, G M. (1967) Adenosine triphosphate conservation in metabolic regulation. Rat liver citrate cleavage enzyme. J. Bzol. Chem. 242, 3239–3241

3.	Atkinson, D. E. and Fall, L. (1967) Adenosme triphosphate conservatron in biosynthetic regulation. Escherwhia colt phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthase J Biol. Chem 242, 3241,3242

4.	Atkinson, D. E (1968) The energy charge of the adenylate pool as a regulatory parameter Interaction with feedback modifiers. Bzochemlstry 7, 4030–4034.

5.	Garrett, R. H and Grisham, C. M (1995) Metabolic integration and the umdirectionality of pathways, in Bzochemutry, Saunders College Publishers, Fort Worth,TX, pp. 816–819.

6.	Wiebe, W. J. and Bancroft, K. (1975) Use of the adenylate energy charge ratio to measure growth state of natural microbial communities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Scz. USA 72, 2112–2115.

7.	Atkinson, D E. (1977) Cellular Energy Metabolzsm and Its Regulatton Academrc, New York

8.	Stanley, P. E. (1986) Extraction of adenosine triphosphate from microbial and somatic cells. Methods Enzymol. 133, 14–22.

9.	Lundin, A., Hasenson, M., Persson, J., and Pousette, A (1986) Estimation of biomass in growing cell lines by adenosme triphosphate assay Methods Enzymol. 133, 26–42.

10.	Webster, J. J., Hampton, G. J., and Leach, F R. (1984). ATP in soil: a new extractant and extraction procedure. Soil Biol. Biochem. 16, 335–342.

11.	Vaden, V. R., Webster, J J., Hampton, G. J., Hall, M. S., and Leach, F. R. (1987) Comparison of methods for extraction of ATP from soil. J. Microbiol Methods 7, 211–217.

12.	Pangbum, S. J., Hall, M. S, and Leach, F R. (1994) Improvements in the extraction of bacterial ATP from so11 with field application. J. Microbiol. Methods 20, 197–209

13.	Anderson, E. H. (1940) Growth requirements of virus-sensitive mutants of Escherzchia colt and stram. “B.” Proc Nat1 Acad Sci USA 32, 120–128

14.	Webster, J J and Leach, F R (1980) Optimization of the firefly luciferase assay for ATP. J. Appl. Biochem 2, 469–479

15.	Ball, W J. and Atkmson, D. E. (1975) Adenylate energy charge in Saccharomyces cerevtsiae durmg starvation, J Bacterial. 121, 975–982.

16.	Lundin, A. and Thore, A. (1975) Comparison of methods for extraction of bacterial adenme nucleotides determmed by firefly assay Appl Microbial 30, 713–721

17.	Karl, D. M. and Holm-Hansen, O. (1978) Methodology and measurement of adenylate energy charge ratios in environmental samples. Marine Biol. 48, 185–197.

18.	Holm-Hansen, O. and Karl, D. M (1978) Biomass and adenylate energy charge determination in microbial cell extracts and environmental samples Methods Enzymol 51, 73–85.

19.	Wibom, R., Soderlund, K., Lundin, A., and Hultman, E. (1991) A lummometric method for the determmatton of ATP and phosphocreatme in single human skeletal muscle Iibres. J. Biolumin. Chemilumin. 6, 123–129.

20.	Passonneau, J. V. and Lowry, O. H. (1993) Enzymattc Analysts: A Practtcal Guide Humana, Totowa, NJ

21.	Spielman, H, Jacob-Muller, U., and Schulz, P. (1981) Simple assay of 0.l-l.0 pmol of ATP, ADP, and AMP in single somatic cells using purified luciferm luciferase Anal Biochem. 113, 172–178.

22.	DeLuca, M. and McElroy, W. D. (1978) Purification and properties of firefly luciferase. Methods Enzymol 51, 3–15.

23.	Ford, S. R., Hall, M. S., and Leach, F. R. (1992) Comparison of properties of commercially available crystalline native and recombinant firefly luciferases J. Btolumtn. Chemtlumin 7, 185–193.

24.	Hall, M. S and Leach, F R. (1988) Stability of firefly luctferase in tricine buffer and in a commercial enzyme stabilizer. J. Biolumin Chemdumin 2, 41–44.

25.	Leach, F. R. and Webster, J. J. (1986) Commercially available firefly luciferase reagents. Methods Enzymol. 133, 51–70.

26.	Stanley, P. E. (1993) A survey of some commercially available kits and reagents which mclude biolummescence or chemilummescence for their operation. J Biolumin. Chemtlumin 8, 51–63.

27.	Stanley, P. E (1993) Commercially available lummometers and imaging devices for low-light measurements and kits and reagents utilizmg chemiluminescence or bioluminescence: Survey update 1. J Biolumin Chemtlumrn. 8, 234–240.

28.	Stanley, P. E. (1993) Commercially available luminometers and imaging devices for low-hght measurements and kits and reagents utilizmg chemiluminescence or bioluminescence: Survey update 2. J. Biolumin Chemtlumrn 9, 51–53.

29.	Stanley, P E. (1993) Commercially available luminometers and imagmg devices for low-light measurements and kits and reagents utihzmg chemilummescence or bioluminescence Survey update 3. J. Btolumin Chemilumin. 9, 123–125.

30.	Stanley, P E. (1993) Commercially available luminometers and imaging devices for low-light measurements and kits and reagents utiltzmg chemilummescence or bioluminescence: Survey update 4. J Btolumin. Chemtlumin 11, 175–191.

31.	Jago, P. H., Simpson, W J., Denyer, S. P, Evans, A. W., Griffiths, M W., Hammond, J. R. M., Ingram, T. P., Lacey, R. F., Macey, N. W, McCarthy, B J., Salusbury, T T., Senior, P S., Sidorowicz, S, Smithers, R, Stanfield, G, and Stanley, P. E. (1989) An evaluation of the performance of ten commercial luminometers. J. Biolumin. Chemilumrn 3, 131–145.

32.	Turner, G. K (1985) Measurement of light from chemical or biochemical reactions, in Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence. Instruments and Appltcahon, vol. I (Van Dyke, K, ed.), CRC, Boca Raton, FL, pp 43–78

33.	Van Dyke, K. (1985) Commercial instruments, in Bioluminescence and Chemtluminescence Instruments and Appltcation, vol I (Van Dyke, K., ed), CRC, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 83–128.

34.	Stanley, P. E. (1985) Characteristics of commercial radiometers. Methods Enzymol. 133, 587–603.

35.	Stanley, P E (1992) A survey of more than 90 commercially available luminometers and imagmg devices for low light: measurement of chemtluminescence and bioluminescence, including instruments for manual, automatic and specialized operation for HPLC, LC, GLC and microplates. Part 1 descriptions, J. Btolumin. Chemilumin 7, 77–108.

36.	Stanley, P E. (1992) A survey of more than 90 commercially available luminometers and imaging devices for low hght measurement of chemilummescence and bioluminescence, including instruments for manual, automatic and specialized operation for HPLC, LC, GLC and microplates. Part 1 photographs, J Biolumin. Chemtlumin 7, 157–169

37.	Anderson, J. M., Faini, G. J., and Wampler, J E. (1978) Construction of instrumentation for bioluminescence and chemilummescence assays Methods Enzymol. 57, 529–540.

38.	Wampler, J. E. and Gilbert, J. C (1985) The design of custom radtometers, in Btoluminescence and Chemllumlnescence: Instruments and Applxatlon, vol I (Van Dyke, K., ed.), CRC, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 129–150.

39.	O’Kane, D. J., Ahmad, M., Matheson, I. B. C., and Lee, J. (1986) Purification of bacterial luciferase by high-performance lrqurd chromatography MethodsEnzymol 133, 109–127.

40.	Lee, J. and Seliger, H H (1972) Quantum yields of the luminol chemtlummescence reaction in aqueous and aprotic solvents. Photochem Photobiol. 15, 109–127.

41.	Ford, S. R., Hall, M. S., Vaden, V. R., Webster, J. J., and Leach, F. R. (1994) Adenylate and guanylate energy charges in a subsurface Pseudomonas sp Proc Okla. Acad Sci 74, 31–36.

42.	Webster, J. J., Hall, M. S., and Leach, F. R. (1992) ATP and adenylate energy charge determinations on core samples from an av-fuel spill sate at the Traverse City, Michigan airport Bull Environ. Contam Toxicol 49, 232–237.

43.	Webster, J. J, Walker, B. G., and Leach, F. R (1988) ATP content and adenylate energy charge of Bacillus stearothermophilus during growth Curr Microbial 16, 271–275.

44.	Vaden, V. R, Webster, J. J., Hampton, G J., Hall, M S., and Leach, F. R (1987) Comparison of methods for extraction of ATP from soil. J. Mcrobiol Methods 7, 211–217

45.	Chart, R. S., Schultz, S. M., Haeblg, J. E., Shtmokura, G H, Cotton, P. B., Fitz, J G., and Meyers, W C (1996) Adenine nucleotldes in bile. Am J Physiol 270, G246–G252

Comments (Loading...)

Post comment/View all comments