SpringerProtocols: Abstract: Enzymatic Synthesis of Cellulose

Enzymatic Synthesis of Cellulose

By: Shiro Kobayashi², Shin-ichiro Shoda³, Michael J. Donnelly⁴, Stephen P. Church⁵

Abstract

Full Text

Download PDF (159K)

Cellulose, a homopolysaccharide whose glucose units are connected through β(1→4) glycosidic linkages, has been of great interest in many scientific and application fields as polymeric drugs and new biomaterials (1). So far, highly pure samples of cellulose and its derivatives have been produced for functional macromolecules, specimen for basic crystallographical research, enzyme substrates, and so on starting from various kinds of naturally occurring celluloses. The elongation of cellulose chain in vivo involves the addition of a nucleotide monomer, uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose), to the nonreducing end of cellulose or cello-oligomers. The transformation of the naturally occurring cellulose into pure cellulose or cello-oligomers involves complicated processes such as the removal of hemicellulose and ligin, acetylation of hydroxyl groups, acidic cleavage of the cellulose backbone, and fractionation by chromatography. Therefore, the development of a new methodology for a convenient laboratory-scale preparation of cellulose and cello-oligomers has been strongly demanded.

Affiliation(s): (2) Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
(3) Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
(4) AKZO NOBEL UK, plc, Coventry, UK
(5) Ilex Close, Sonning Common, Reading, UK

Book Title: Carbohydrate Biotechnology Protocols

Series: Methods in Biotechnology | Volume: 10 | Pub. Date: Jul-23-1999 | Page Range: 57-69 | DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-261-6_5

Subject: Biotechnology

References

Download References

1.	Mark, H. (1980) Fifty years of cellulose research. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 14, 569–581.

2.	Husemann, E. and Müller, G. J. M. (1966) Über die Synthese unverzweigter Polysaccharide. Makromol. Chem. 91, 212–230.

3.	Micheel, F., Brodde, O. E., and Reinking, K. (1974) Versuche zur Polykondensation von 2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose und Polymerisation von 1,4-Anhydro-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranose. Ann. 124–136.

4.	Uryu, T., Yamaguchi, C., Morikawa, K., Terui, K., Kanai, T., and Matsuzaki, K. (1985) Ring-opening polymerization of 1,4-Anhydro-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranose and 1,4-Anhydro-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranose. Macromolecules 18, 599–605.

5.	Nakatsubo, F., Kamitakahara, H., and Hori, M. (1996) Cationic ring-opening polymerization of 3,6-di-O-benzyl-α-D-glucose 1,2,4-orthopivalate and the first chemical synthesis of cellulose. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 1677–1681.

6.	Dordick, J. S. (ed.) (1991) Biocatalysts for Industry. Plenum, New York, London.

7.	Crout., D. H. G. and Christen, M. (1989) Modern Synthetic Methods, vol. 5, (Schefflold, R., ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 1–114.

8.	Kobayashi, S., Shoda, S., and Uyama, H. (1995) Enzymatic polymerization and oligomerization. Adv. Polym. Sci. 121, 1–30.

8a.	Kobayashi, S., Shoda, S., and Uyama, H. (1997) Enzymatic catalysis, in Catalysis, in Precision Polymerization (Kobayashi, S., ed.), Wiley, Chichester, UK.

8b.	Donnelly, M. J. (1998) In-vitro enzymic synthesis of polymers containing saccharides, lignins, proteins or related compounds: a review. Polymer International, in press.

8c.	Donnelly, M. J. (1993), Extended summaries international conference on the enzymic synthesis and modification of carbohydrates. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 56, 407–419.

9.	Kobayashi, S., Kashiwa, K., Kawasaki, T., and Shoda, S. (1991) Novel method for polysaccharide synthesis using an enzyme: the first in vitro synthesis of cellulose via a non-biosynthetic path utilizing cellulase as catalyst. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3079–3084.

10.	Lee, J. H., Brown, Jr., R. M., Kuga, S., Shoda, S., and Kobayashi, S. (1994) Assembly of synthetic cellulose I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 7425–7429.

11.	Kobayashi, S., Wen, X., and Shoda, S. (1996) Specific preparation of artificial xylan: a new approach to polysaccharide synthesis by using cellulase as catalyst. Macromolecules 29, 2698–2700.

12.	Kobayashi, S., Kiyosada, T. and Shoda, S. (1996) Synthesis of artificial chitin: irreversible catalytic behavior of a glycosyl hydrolase through a transition state analogue substrate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 13113–13114.

13.	Okamoto, E., Kiyosada, T., Shoda, S., and Kobayashi, S. (1997) Synthesis of alternatingly 6-O-methylated cellulose via enzymatic polymerization of a substituted cellobiosyl fluoride monomer catalyzed by cellulase. Cellulose 4, 161–172.

14.	Donnelly, M. J., Church, S. P., and Kobayashi, S. (1995) Structural analysis of enzymically synthesized cellulose. Biotrans’ 95, University of Warwick 5–8 September, Royal Society of Chemistry Abstracts 117.

Comments (Loading...)

Post comment/View all comments